Wednesday, June 17, 2009

THE INTERNET

The Internet, also called the net, is an electronic communication device. It is one of the largest networks that link millions or trillions of computers all over the world. Internet is simply there and no one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet.

Almost everyone has heard of the Internet, and most people know that www and dotcom have something to do with Web pages. But the Internet is much more than just Web page addresses. With the Internet, you can read up-to-the- minute news reports, reserve plane tickets, listen to music, send and receive electronic messages, get weather reports, shop, conduct research, and much more.

What’s the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web? The Internet is a network of computers, cables, routers, and other hardware and software that interconnect and run on a network. The World Wide Web is one of the protocols that let you link to many sites in the Internet. The Web is made up of Web pages and Web sites. A Web page is a specially formatted document that can include text, graphics, hyperlinks, audio, animation, and video. On the other hand, a Web site is a collection of Web pages.

Advantages of the Internet

The Internet offers many conveniences at your fingertips.

• Information
The internet gives you access to information on any subject imaginable. You can review newspapers, magazines, academic papers, dictionaries, encyclopedias, travel guides, job listings, airline schedules and much more. This makes the Internet a valuable research tool.

• Electronic Mail
One of the most popular features of the Internet is the electronic mail (e-mail). You can exchange electronic mails with people around the world. Electronic mail is fast, easy, inexpensive and saves time and effort.

• Entertainment
The internet also offers different form of entertainment, such as radio and television broadcasts, videos and music. You can play interactive games with other people around the world.

• Chatting
The chat features allows you to exchange types messages with another person on the Internet. A message you send will instantly appear on the other person’s computer. You can chat with one person or a group at a time.

• Online Shopping
You can order products on the Internet, while browsing the web. You can purchase items such as books, flowers, music CD’s, pizza, stocks, used cars and others.

How the Internet Works

On the Internet, data and information are transferred worldwide by the servers and clients. These are computers connected to the Internet.

A centralized storage of resources (programs and data) on a network is called server. Meanwhile, an access to the contents of the storage area on the server is called a client. On the Internet, a client which can access files and services on a number of servers is called a host computer. Your computer is a host computer.

TECHNICAL TERMS Internet

Chat. This refers to the online discussion group that allows interaction through electronic bulletin board system and session.

E-Mail or Electronic mail. This is a way to send messages to others via the Internet in electronic form.

Expression. This refers to the keyword or topic to be searched in the Internet.

Internet. This is a collection of computers throughout the world which are mostly connected using telephone lines for the purpose of sharing information.

Web Page
. This is actually group of electronic files stored on computers all over the world. This page have “links” that allow the user to quickly move from one part to another.

Web Browser
. This is software needed in order to find, retrieve, view and send information over the Internet.

Web Site
. This refers to the site (location) on the World Wide Web. It may consist of one or more web pages that relate to a common theme, such as person, business, organization or any subject.

World Wide Web. This is one of the protocols that let you link to many sites in the Internet. The basic unit is the web page. A page can be one or many screens when it displays in your monitor.

Tuesday, June 9, 2009

Computer Definition

Computer – an electronic device designed to manipulate data for useful information to be generated.
Computer comes from the word compute.

Data – refers to any collection of facts about people, things, ideas, and events.
Information – is the processed data. It is data organized and presented in a meaningful form to make them useful.
Data processing - is the act of changing and transforming data into information.

GIGO – Garbage In, Garbage Out
Means that the kind of information derived from computer processing is similar to the kind of data entered into the computer.
The computer needs the right output in order to provide the right output. Give the computer a wrong input and it will surely give you a wrong output.

Using The Mouse

POINT – This means that without pressing any mouse buttons, you move the mouse pointer or cursor to a desired screen location.

CLICK – Point the mouse pointer at the object you want to select, and then quickly press and release the left mouse button. If the object is an icon or window, it becomes highlighted.

RIGHT CLICK – When you’re pointing at an object, you can also click the right mouse button on it to bring up a menu of actions you can perform on the object.

DOUBLE CLICK – point to the item and press and release the left mouse button twice in rapid succession.

DRAG – to drag an object to a new location ion-screen, point to the object , press and hold the left mouse button, move the mouse to a new location, and release the mouse button. The object moves with the mouse cursor.


ICONS – are pictures that represent programs, files, folder and other items.

DESKTOP – This is the area that takes up the entire background of the csreen.

MOUSE POINTER – The on-screen pointer (usually an arrow) that you use to select items and choose commands.

IV Arroyo 2011-2012 Lecture on MS Word

Lecture 9

What is Microsoft Word?

Microsoft Word is an application program developed by Microsoft Word Corporation. It is powerful word processing application that automates the process of preparing text document. It is an electronic platform to do ones writing activity.
It is a general purpose word processing software. You can use this to create a simple document such as a letter and memos to producing a professional looking publication such as newsletter or books.

Starting Word for Windows

1. Click on the start button.
2. Point to programs.
3. Click on Microsoft Word.

Parts of the Screen

• Title bar – Displays the program name and the name of the document.
• Menu bar – Contains the main menu.
• Standard toolbar – Displays buttons that you can select to perform common editing tasks. You must have a mouse to use the toolbar.
• Formatting toolbar – Use to select character and paragraph-formatting commands. You must have a mouse to use this toolbar.
• Ruler – Controls margins, indents, and tab stops.
• Work area – This is where the text and graphics in your document appears.
• Status bar – Displays information about your document such as the page numbers, total number of pages in the document, and even line and column numbers.
• Cursor – This is the blinking insertion point. This shows you where the text you type appears.

The Toolbar – Contains buttons that you select with the mouse to perform common tasks.

Quitting Word for Windows
• Press Alt + F4 on the keyboard.
• Click the close button (the button with the X) at the right of the title bar.
• Select File, Exit.



Lecture 10


The keyboard contains the keys you use to type data and enter commands into the computer. The placement and position of keys may differ from one keyboard to another. A typical keyboard consists of the typewriter keypad, the numeric keypad, the function keys, the cursor movement keys, and the data entry control keys.

Typewriter keypad – It is composed of keys with alphanumeric characters – the letters, numbers, and symbols- which you will find on the typewriter. These are the keys used for typing and entering data.

Spacebar – This is used to enter a blank character or a space.

Shift key – This is pressed with a letter to capitalize it. It is pressed with a two- character key to enter the top character.

Capslock key – (Capital lock) This is a toggle or a switch. It is used to lock the letters A to Z to the uppercase (capital letter) mode. (Note: the capslock indicator is ON). Press Capslock again to “unlock” or return to the lowercase mode.

Tab key (Tabulator key) – Pressing this key moves the cursor to the next tab stop at the right of the cursor’s present position. Use the tab key to indent the first line in a paragraph of text or to move from one area of the screen to another.

Esc key (Escape key) – You can use this key in most programs to back out of the program or quit whatever you are currently doing.

Enter key – Use this key to end a paragraph in a word processing program, to go to the next line or to confirm or execute a command you have selected or typed.

Backspace key – this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor. It is also used to delete the character you have just typed.

Function keys – each of these keys starts with F and a number. They are typically used by application software to enter commands quickly.

Ctrl and Alt keys – the Ctrl (control) and Alt (Alternate) keys make the other keys on the keyboard act differently from the way they normally act.

Arrow keys – also known as the cursor movement keys, the arrow keys move the cursor (the blinking vertical line or box) around the screen.

Numeric keypad – the numeric keypad consists of a group of number keys arranged like the keys on an adding machine. This keypad includes a numlock key. With the Numlock key On, you can use the number keypad to type numbers.

Status lights – the status lights are ON to show whether the Numlock key, Capslock key, or the Scroll Lock key is on.


Lecture 11

Blinking Vertical line


Marks the insertion point, the location where text you type appears in the document and where certain editing occurs.

Entering Text

To enter text, simply type it. As you type, the text appears and the insertion point moves to the right. If the line reaches the right edge of the screen, then MS Word automatically moves to the start of the next line; this is word wrapping. Press Enter only when you want to start a new paragraph.

Deleting Text

1. To delete the character to the right of the insertion point, press Delete.
2. To delete the character to the left of the insertion point, press Backspace.

If you make a mistake, you can recover deleted text with the Edit, Undo command. You can also click the undo button or press the shortcut key, Ctrl + Z.

Zooming the Screen

The View, Zoom command lets you control the size of your document as displayed on the screen. You can enlarge it to facilitate reading small fonts or decrease the size to view an entire page at one time.

You can change the zoom setting by pulling down the Zoom control on the standard Toolbar and selecting the desired zoom setting.

Saving Documents

Saving a document for the first time.

1. Select File, Save for an unnamed document , Word displays the save As dialog box.
2. In the File Name text box, enter the name you want to assign to the document file.
3. Click Save.

Saving a named document

As you work on a document, save it periodically to minimize possible data loss in the event of a power failure or other system problem. Once you have assigned a name to a document, the File, Save command saves the current document version under its assigned name; no dialog boxes appear.
You can also click the Save button on the standard toolbar.

Retrieving a Document
This means to reopen a document from your disk into Word for Windows so you can work on it.



Lecture 12


Formatting Your document


Formatting refers to the changes you make in your documents appearance.

How is formatting applied?
1. To format an existing text, you first select the text and then issue the formatting command. The format change affects only the selected command.
2. To format new text, move the insertion point to the location where you want the text to appear; then issue the formatting command. The format change will affect new text that you type.

What is Character Formatting?
The term character formatting refers to attributes that apply to individual characters in a document.

What is Font?

The appearance of text is determined – in large – by its font. A font specifies both the style of text – that is, the appearance of individual characters – and its size.

Changing the Font of existing Text
1. Select the text to change.
2. To change the font, open the Font Name drop down box and select a different font.
3. To change font size with the mouse, open the Font size drop-down box on the formatting toolbar and select the desired font size.

Changing the Font of a New Text
1. Move the insertion point to the location where you will type in the new text.
2. To change the font, open the Font Name drop down box and select a different font.
3. To change font size with the mouse, open the Font size drop-down box on the formatting toolbar and select the desired font size.
4. Type the new text. It will appear in the newly specified font. Other text in your document will not be affected.

The Attributes boldface, italic and underline can be applied alone or in a combination to any text in your document. To toggle buttons on the formatting toolbar control attributes.

Toggle buttons are buttons that, when selected, turn the corresponding attribute on if it is off and off if it is on.

To apply the attributes, select the text and click the toolbar buttons for the desired formatting. To turn off the attributes, select the text and click the toggled button.


Lecture 13


Moving and Copying Text
Before you can move or copy text, you must select it.

Methods of Selecting Text

With the mouse

Any Amount Point at the start of the text; drag the highlight over the text.
One Word Double Click anywhere on the word.
One Sentence Press and Hold Ctrl and click anywhere in the sentence.

With the Keyboard
Move
Any Amount Move the insertion point to the start of the text, press and hold the
Shift, and move the insertion point to the end of the desired text.
Entire Amount Ctrl + A

To cancel the selection, click anywhere on the screen or use the keyboard to move the insertion point.

Copying Text

When you copy text, you place a duplicate of the selected text in a new location. After you copy , the text exists in both the original and new locations.

Steps in Copying Text
1. Select the text you want to copy. The selected text appears highlighted.
2. Select Edit, Copy. You can also click on the Copy button, or press Ctrl + C.
3. Move the insertion point to the new location for the text.
4. Select Edit, Copy. You can also select the Paste button or press Ctrl + V.

Moving Text

When you move text, Word deletes if from the original location and inserts it at the new location.

Steps Moving Text
1. Select the text to move.
2. Select edit, Cut, or click the cut button, or press Ctrl + X.
3. Move the insertion point to the new location.
4. Select edit, Paste, or click the paste button, or press Ctrl + V.


Lecture 14

Setting Up the page

By default, Word for Windows formats printer output for 8½ by 11 inch paper in portrait orientation. You ca n modify these settings if needed.

● Portrait Orientation – this is the default and prints lines parallel to the short edge of the paper.
● Landscape Orientation – prints lines parallel to the long edge of the paper.

To Change the Print Orientation and the paper size.
1. Select file, Page Setup. The page setup dialog box appears.
2. Click the Paper Size tab.
3. Open the Paper size drop-down box, which lists several common paper size.
4. Select the desired paper size.
5. If you select Custom Size from the list, use the Height and Width boxes to specify the actual paper size.
6. Under orientation, select Portrait or Landscape.
7. Select Ok. The new settings will be in effect for your document.



Justification – refers to the way in which lines on the page are aligned with the lines above and below them.

Justifying Text
● Left Justification – aligns the left ends of lines.
● Right Justification. – aligns the right ends of lines.
● Full Justification – aligns both the left and right ends of lines.
● Center Justification – centers lines between the left and right margins.


Creating Numbered and Bulleted lists

Numbered and bulleted lists are useful formatting tools for setting off lists of information in a document.
Use bulleted lists for items that consists of related information, but are in no particular order.
Use numbered lists for items with a specific order.